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Film

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Legal Information
* Towards a new Cinema Communication fr de 
by Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, OBS. (05/2012)

* Determining the Term of Protection for Films: When Does a Film Fall into the Public Domain in Europe? fr de 
by Christina Angelopoulos, IViR, and Jane C. Ginsburg, University of Columbia, (02/2012)

* Freedom of Expression and the Media: Standard-setting by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe fr de 
by Susanne Nikoltchev, OBS, and Tarlach McGonagle, IViR. (02/2012)

* Freedom of Expression and the Media: Standard-setting by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe fr de 
by Susanne Nikoltchev, OBS, and Tarlach McGonagle, IViR. (02/2012)

* Governance of Film Aid in South East Europe fr de 
by Christian M Bron et Peter Matzneller, EMR. (04/2011)

* Public Aid for Digital Cinema  fr de 
by Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, OBS. (04/2010)

* The Impact of EC Law on the Taxation of the European Audiovisual Industry fr de 
by Hasan Bermek, OBS. (IRIS plus 2007-12)

* Tax Incentives for Films and Audiovisual Works in France fr de 
by Hasan Bermek, OBS. (10/2007)

* State aid for films - a policy in motion? fr de 
by Jérôme Broche, Obhi Chatterjee, Irina Orssich & Nóra Tosics, Directorate-General for Competition, European Commission. (04/2007)

* Audiovisual Archives and the Inability to Clear Rights in Orphan Works fr de 
by Stef van Gompel, IViR. (IRIS plus 2007-4)

* Legal Aspects of International Film Co-Production fr de 
by Enric Enrich, (05/2005)

* Legal Definitions as Gateways to Accessing Support Systems in Europe fr de 
by Susanne Nikoltchev, OBS. (05/2005)

* The protection of cinematographic heritage in Europe fr de 
by Sabina Gorini, IViR. (IRIS plus 2004-8)

* Horizontal rating of audiovisual content in Europe: an alternative to multi-level classification? fr de 
by Carmen Palzer, EMR. (IRIS plus 2003-10)

* European audiovisual work: a key notion for the audiovisual sector and its definition in the current European legal framework (only in German) fr de 
by Nadia Ohlig, OBS. (11/2003)

* European public film support within the WTO framework fr de  (150KB)
by Anna Herold, European University/Institute Florence. (IRIS plus 2003-6)

* La nouvelle loi fédérale suisse sur la culture et la production cinématographiques fr de  (296KB)
by Nathalie Zufferey (Office fédéral de la culture), Patrick Aubry, (01/2003)

* Movies online: Balancing copyrights and fair use fr de  (140KB)
by Susanne Nikoltchev & Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, OBS. (IRIS plus 2002-4)

* National film production aid: legislative characteristics and trends fr de  (370KB)
by Susanne Nikoltchev & Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, OBS. (IRIS plus 2001-4)

* Making and distributing films in Europe: the problem of nationality. Countries covered: Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom and on the European level (200KB)
by Michel Györy, CERICA/OBS. (01/2000)

* International film and television coproduction contracts. Legal problems and information needed
by Michel Györy, CERICA/OBS. (09/1999)

* Report on industrial tax issues facing the European audiovisual industry (205KB)
by Gerrit Te-Spenke , KPMG Meijburg &Co. (07/1997)
General Data
* FOCUS 2012 - World film market trends
by the European Audiovisual Observatory and published by the Marché du film, rédigé par l'Observatoire européen de l'audiovisuel et publié par le Marché du film (Cannes, France).. (05/2012)

* EU box office inches to record high in 2011 as European comedies provide welcome relief and 3D matures (Press release in the framework of the Int'l Film Market 2012 in Cannes)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (05/2012)

* Cinema admissions in the European Union show slight decline but national films are strong (press release on the occasion of the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (02/2012)

* Over half of Europe’s screens are now digital but single-screen cinemas are struggling (new report from the European Audiovisual Observatory and MEDIA Salles: 'The European digital cinema report')
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (01/2012)

* The European Cinema Markets 2010 in Figures (presentation made by Martin Kanzler in the framework of the 17th edition of the Sarajevo Film Festival from 22 to 30 July 2011)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (07/2011)

* Europe: digital screens more than doubled in 2010 with 3D once again the driving force (Press release in the framework of the Int'l Film Market 2011 in Cannes)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS/MEDIA Salles. (05/2011)

* 3D drives EU gross box office to record high in 2010 as market share for European films drops (Press release on figures of cinema attendance and film production in 2010)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (05/2011)

* FOCUS 2011 - World film market trends
by the European Audiovisual Observatory and published by the Marché du film, rédigé par l'Observatoire européen de l'audiovisuel et publié par le Marché du film (Cannes, France)..

* European cinema in 2010 - a year of mixed results (press release on the occasion of the 61st Berlin International Film Festival)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (02/2011)

* EU gross box office reached record high in 2009 as European film production continues to grow (press release on figures of cinema attendance and film production in 2009)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (05/2010)

* Europe: digital screens more than triple in 2009 with 3D as the driving force (Press release in the framework of the Int'l Film Market 2010 in Cannes)
OBS/MEDIA Salles. (05/2010)

* Sources of information and reference documents on digital cinema in Europe and in the rest of the world
by André Lange, OBS. (04/2010)

* EU admissions approach the 1 billion barrier again in 2009 (press release)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (02/2010)

* Strong results in the UK drive upswing in European cinema admissions in the first half of 2009
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (09/2009)

* European digital screen base grows by 70% in 2008 (press release)
OBS/MEDIA Salles. (05/2009)

* EU film production reached record high in 2008 as admissions to European films remained strong (Press release in the framework of the Int'l Film Market 2009 in Cannes)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (05/2009)

* The Russian Federation joins Europe's big five cinema markets in 2008 (press release)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (02/2009)

* European digital screen base grew by 70% during 2007 (Press release in the framework of the publication of "Volume 3 - Film and home video" of the Yearbook 2008 - Film, television and video in Europe)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (01/2009)

* Italy, the Russian Federation and the Czech Republic stand out as 2007 European cinema attendance dips (press release)
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (11/02/2008)

* 'Cutting Edge Territories' - Recents trends in cinema-going and the expansion of the VoD offer in Europe (Presentation made at the Future Film Summit, London)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (07/2007)

* European cinema bounces back in 2006 (press release)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (05/2007)

* European Union cinema attendance up 4% in 2006 (press release)
OBS. (02/2007)

* European cinema attendance down in 2005 yet national films improve their performance (press release)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (02/2006)

* Kostenstruktur bei audiovisuellen Dienstleistungen (2002) - (Cost structures for audiovisual services)
Statistisches Bundesamt. (09/2005)

* Major markets buoyant in 2004 as European Union cinema admissions top 1 billion milestone (press release)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (05/2005)

* Cinema attendance in the European Union down an estimated 5% in 2003 (press release)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (03/2004)

* European films on European television (Presentation of Wolfgang Closs at the conference organized by the Italian Presidency of the European Union, Taormina, 14-16 Nov. 2003) fr de 
OBS. (11/2003)

* The financial situation of the various branches of the European Union audiovisual industry (Presentation of André Lange at the conference organised by the Italian Presidency of the European Union, Taormina, 14-16 Nov. 2003) fr de 
OBS. (11/2003)

* Handicap et cinéma en Europe (only in French) fr de  (391KB)
by Florence Levy, Julie Lethiphu, Benoît Danard, Service des études, des statistiques et de la prospective, CNC, Paris. (07/2003)

* Erratum: Admissions to United Kingdom and United Kingdom majority-produced films in distribution in France in 2002 - Screen Finance 8th August 2003 (Number 15, Volume 16, page 5).
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (08/2003)

* Musical films: recent successes (and failures…!) in Europe and North America
by André Lange, OBS. (05/2003)

* European cinema attendance stagnates as local films fail to travel (779KB)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (05/2003)

* LUMIERE - March 2003: in 2002 European films were unable to repeat the exceptional performance achieved in 2001 (press release)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (03/2003)

* Public funding for the European film industry grows as companies financial situations weaken (press release)
by André Lange, Susan Newman-Baudais & Kees Bakker, OBS. (10/2002)

* 2001 was a flourishing year for the European film market (press release)
by André Lange, OBS. (05/2002)

* Distribution of third party country films in the European Union between 1996 and 2001 (Press release)
by André Lange & Susan Newman-Baudais (ed.), OBS. (04/2002)

* The European Audiovisual Observatory confirms 2001 as an exceptional year for European cinema (Press release)
by André Lange, OBS. (03/2002)

* Analysing case studies of European film success
by Wolfgang Closs, OBS. (11/2001)

* L'audiovisuel européen : un enjeu de civilisation
by Jean-Claude Batz, INSAS. (11/2001)

* Challenges in European cinema and film policy
by Nils Klevjer Aas, Norsk Filminstitutt. (11/2001)

* European films on European television: when the screen becomes small (link to the Cinecittà website)
by André Lange (ed.), OBS/Cinecittà. (06/2001)

* Proceedings of the workshop 'Film Information and Statistics' held within the framework of the conference 'Audiovisual policies and their implementation in the European Union and Turkey' organised by the Turkish Ministry of Culture (Eskisehir, 4 April 200 fr de  (1435KB)
by André Lange (ed.), OBS. (04/2001)

* European films on European televisions fr de  (1091KB)
by André Lange (ed.), OBS/Eurodata-TV-Médiamétrie/ Essential Television Statistics (ETS). (04/2000)

* Cinema in Europe, the first 100 years fr de  (250KB)
by Lone Le Floch-Andersen (ed.), OBS. (03/1995)

* Linguistic transfer fr de  (218KB)
by Lone Le Floch-Andersen (ed.), OBS. (06/1995)
Public Funding Mechanisms
* KORDA, a new database on public funding for the film and audiovisual sector in Europe
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (05/2010)

* Film market trends and film funding in 4 selected European countries (presentation by André Lange in the framework of the Congress 'Strategie europee per il cinema')
by André Lange, OBS. (01/09/2012)

* Public Funding in Europe: The Facts and Figures
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (Cannes Conference, 19 May 2012)

* Public Funding for Film and Audiovisual Works in Europe
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (12/2011)

* Film and Television: Falling in Love Again? The Role of Broadcasters in the Financing of Film Funds
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (Cannes Conference, 15 May 2011)

* Governance of Film Aid in South East Europe fr de 
by Christian M Bron & Peter Matzneller, EMR. (04/2011)

* Public Aid for Digital Cinema  fr de 
by Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, OBS. (04/2010)

* Public Support for the International Promotion of European Films fr de  (387KB)
by Térésa Hoefert de Turégano, OBS. (03/2006)

* Public Funding for Film and Audiovisual Works in Europe - A Comparative Approach fr de 
by André Lange & Tim Westcott, OBS. (2004)

* Public funding for the film and audiovisual sector in Europe: the role of regional funds (Presentation at the occasion of the Cine-Regio conference in Mons, Belgium) (292KB)
by Tim Westcott, OBS. (02/2004)

* Public funding for the film and audiovisual sector in Europe (Presentation at the occasion of the conference: 'Film Financing in Europe – policy, strategy and effect' (BAFTA, London, 20/11/2003)
by Tim Westcott, OBS. (11/2003)

* Public aid mechanisms for the film and the audiovisual industry in Europe, 1995-1999
by Lone Le Floch-Andersen, OBS. (07/1999)
Feature Film Production
* Global film production fr de  (210KB)
by David Hancock, MEI. (02/1999)

* Production finance fr de  (2500KB)
by Lone Le Floch-Andersen (ed.), OBS. (09/1995)
Distribution/Exhibition
* The theatrical circulation of European live action children’s films in Europe - 2000 to 2008 - Report prepared for The Future of European Children’s Film - 1st KIDS Regio Forum, Erfurt, 24 & 25 June 2009 fr de 
by Susan Newman-Baudais & Martin Kanzler, OBS. (06/2009)

* LUMIERE - Online database on admissions of films released in Europe


* The circulation of European co-productions and entirely national films in Europe: 2001 to 2007. (Report presented at the Council of Europe Film Policy Forum: 'Shaping Policies for the Cinema of Tomorrow' - Krakow, Poland, 12-13/09/2008) fr de 
by Martin Kanzler, OBS. (09/2008)

* The place of third country film and audiovisual works in European markets (updated version) fr de 
by André Lange & Martin Kanzler, OBS. (05/2008)

* Film Distribution Companies in Europe
OBS. (02/2007)

* The outlook for European exhibition - Film attendance in Europe (Presentation by Susan Newman-Baudais at the 10th Annual Europa Cinemas Conference, Budapest, 17-20 Nov. 2005) fr de  (877KB)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (11/2005)

* Access to the European market for non-European films - a statistical analysis fr de 
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (05/2005)

* Online distribution of films fr de  (400KB)
by Bernard Guillou, MEDIAWISE. (05/2004)

* Cinema attendance in the European Union down an estimated 5% in 2003 (press release)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (03/2004)

* Film market trends in the new member states of the European Union (Presentation of André Lange at the 8th Europa Cinemas annual Conference, 27-30 November 2003, Prague) fr de  (336KB)
by André Lange, OBS. (11/2003)

* Distribution of Italian films in France and French films in Italy (1998-2002). Statistical compilation for the 2003 edition of the Italian film festival "Annecy cinéma italien" (French version only). fr de  (363KB)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (09/2003)

* The fragmented universe of film distribution companies in Europe - Contribution to the workshop 'Distribution of European Films' during the Ministerial Seminar of the Ministers of Culture of the European Union on 'The Circulation of European Works of Art in the European Union' fr de 
by André Lange & Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (08/2003)

* Erratum: Admissions to United Kingdom and United Kingdom majority-produced films in distribution in France in 2002 - Screen Finance 8th August 2003 (Number 15, Volume 16, page 5).
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (08/2003)

* Distribution on the European Union market: films from Central and Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, Africa, Latin America and Asia (Report for the Conference on the future of cinema and the audiovisual sector within the framework of European Union fr  (396KB)
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (05/2003)

* The distribution of European Union films in Europe outside national markets fr de 
by Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (11/2002)

* Distribution of third party country films in the European Union (1996-2001) - (press release)
by André Lange & Susan Newman-Baudais, OBS. (04/2002)

* The European Audiovisual Observatory confirms 2001 as an exceptional year for European cinema: market share for US films drops again to 66% (Press release).
by André Lange, OBS. (03/2002)

* The ups and downs of European cinema
by André Lange (ed.), OBS. (11/2001)

* Un univers très fragmenté : Pour une description systématique des entreprises de distribution (link to the Cinecittà website)
by André Lange (ed.), OBS/Cinecittà. (06/2001)

* Flickering shadows: quantifying the European film festival phenomenon
by Nils Klevjer Aas, OBS. (11/1997)
National Reports
* National reports on the film industry in Europe (new reports are published regularly in this section)
OBS.
By country
* Data collection project on the audiovisual and film sector in 9 Mediterranean countries - Country profiles
by Dr. Sahar Ali, Expert Media, CDSU Euromed Audiovisuel III, André Lange (ed./ sous la resp. scient./ Hrsg.), OBS.

* Le marché européen du cinéma – La collaboration euro-canadienne : Observations pour l’analyse fr  (404KB)
by André Lange, OBS. (11/2003)