Broadcasting
IRIS Plus 2008-6: Progress in the Must-offer Debate? Exclusivity in Media and Communication
This IRIS plus looks at the various dimensions of exclusivity in media and communication. This IRIS plus considers the current debate on whether the obligation to transmit (must-carry) certain content should be replaced or at least supplemented by an obligation to offer such content (must-offer)....
IRIS Special 2008 - Editorial Responsibility
Almost exactly twenty years after the adoption of the “Television without Frontiers” Directive, namely on 19 December 2009, the deadline for transposing the Audiovisual Media Service Directive (AVMSD) will expire. In other words, the national rules that so far served to facilitate cross-border...
IRIS Plus 2008-5: Audiovisual Media Services and the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
Consumer interests take a prominent place in the law of audiovisual media services. This IRIS plus explains to what extent and why. It also tells its readers how the general legal principles relate to media-specific legislation.
IRIS Plus 2008-4: The Promotion of Cultural Diversity via New Media Technologies: An Introduction to the Challenges of Operationalisation
This IRIS plus presupposes that it is important to clarify potential meanings of cultural diversity and arising concepts if we wish to experience cultural diversity in the form of concrete results. The need for clarification becomes more pressing with a view to technological advances which...
IRIS Plus 2008-2: Media Windows in Flux Challenges for Audiovisual Media Chronology
This IRIS plus does not deal with economic considerations, but with the legal framework on which an economic strategy, however it is chosen, must be built. The author begins by explaining how rules on media chronology have developed. On this basis, it is easy to see who defines the media windows...
IRIS Plus 2007-5: A Post-Soviet Perspective on Licensing Television and Radio
This IRIS plus gives an overview of the different legal frameworks for licensing broadcasting in countries of the former Soviet Union, which all share the experience of a relatively recent launching of licensing systems.
IRIS Plus 2007-4: Safeguarding Human Dignity in the European Audiovisual Sector
This IRIS plus looks into the legal roots and main elements of human dignity as an important standard for audiovisual media services.
IRIS Special 2007 - The Public Service Broadcasting Culture
In the recent Report “Public service media in the information society”, commissioned by the Council of Europe, Christian S. Nissen points to a provocative argument in the vibrant discussions about public service broadcasting. He writes that public service media can be seen as a remedy for a...
IRIS Plus 2007-2: Broadcasters' Access to Broadcasting Frequencies
The aim of this article is to show how broadcasters obtain their frequencies and who lays down the standards for this process: how is spectrum organised, divided up and ultimately distributed? Who decides on the allocation of transmission capacities and how? This article will also look at new...
IRIS Special 2006 - Broadcasters' Obligations to Invest in Cinematographic Production
This IRIS Special describes the various ways in which the television industry supports cinematographic film – whether enshrined in law or on a voluntary basis, whether direct or indirect. It considers broadcasters' investment obligations in different European countries and investigates whether...